Echelon Neuron C Manuel d'utilisateur Page 199
- Page / 268
- Table des matières
- MARQUE LIVRES
Noté. / 5. Basé sur avis des utilisateurs
Neuron C Programmer’s Guide 187
The flash memory that is used for the EECODE data is erased once during the
application load process. If present, the alternate Neuron firmware image is not
erased during this step. Flash memories typically have an endurance rating of
10 000 erase/program cycles – this number translates directly to the number of
application load cycles.
The Series 5000 chip can operate at any system clock speed when using flash
memory.
The eeprom_memcpy( ) Function
You can write EEPROM memory, as well as flash memory, by direct assignment,
including structure-to-structure assignment. In these cases, the compiler
recognizes that the target variable is in EEPROM memory, and uses the
appropriate firmware function to write the memory properly, with the correct
delays, hardware interface sequences, and so on
.
However, when writing to EEPROM through a pointer, the compiler cannot track
what type of memory the pointer points to. Thus, addresses of EEPROM
variables are automatically typed by the compiler as 'const *', to prohibit use of
the pointer for writing:
eeprom int x;
void y() {
const int* pointer;
pointer = &x; // '&x' is 'const int *'
}
The compiler normally prevents removing the const attribute from any pointer so
typed. This is prevented for both implicit and explicit cast operations. An
implicit cast occurs when there is an assignment of a value to a variable of
different type, or when there is an actual parameter passed to a function whose
formal parameter is a different type, as illustrated in the following example:
eeprom int x;
int *p;
void f (int *p);
void y() {
p = &x; // implicit cast, compiler error
f(&x); // another erroneous implicit cast
p = (int *)&x; // explicit cast, also error
}
This behavior of the Neuron C compiler is stricter than the behavior specified by
ANSI C. However, if you specify the #pragma relaxed_casting_on directive, the
compiler only generates a warning message for each such implicit or explicit cast.
You can use the #pragma warnings_off or #pragma disable_warning directive to
further suppress the warning messages. You can use the corresponding
warnings_on (or enable_warning) and relaxed_casting_off directives later in the
program to restore the default behavior of the compiler for the remainder of the
program.
Use of this feature is dangerous, because you can circumvent the compiler’s
checking and attempt a spurious write (that is, a write without knowledge of the
firmware) to EEPROM or flash memory. The eeprom_memcpy( ) function is
- C Programmer’s Guide 1
- Welcome 3
- Audience 3
- Related Documentation 4
- Table of Contents 7
- What Is Neuron C? 14
- Unique Aspects of Neuron C 15
- Neuron C Integer Constants 16
- Neuron C Variables 17
- Neuron C Variable Types 17
- Neuron C Storage Classes 18
- Variable Initialization 19
- Neuron C Declarations 19
- Configuration Properties 21
- Driven Protocols 23
- Low-Level Messaging 23
- I/O Devices 23
- Functions 25
- Focusing on a Single Device 27
- When Clauses 28
- When Statement 29
- Predefined Events 30
- Event Processing 32
- Reset Event 33
- User-Defined Events 34
- Scheduling of When Clauses 34
- Priority When Clauses 35
- Function Prototypes 36
- Declaring Timers 37
- Examples 38
- The timer_expires Event 38
- Input/Output 39
- I/O Object Types 40
- Device Self-Documentation 42
- Dimmer Switch 46
- Fixed Timers 48
- With a 10 MHz Input Clock 49
- With Other Clock Speeds 50
- Repeating Timers 51
- Accuracy of Second Timers 52
- Delay Functions 52
- EEPROM Write Timer 53
- Network Variables 55
- Major Topics 56
- When Updates Occur 59
- Declaring Network Variables 59
- Connecting Network Variables 61
- Network Variable Events 63
- The nv_update_occurs Event 63
- Neuron C Reference 64
- Preemption Mode 65
- Variables 67
- Tradeoffs 68
- Polling Network Variables 68
- Monitoring Network Variables 77
- Authentication 78
- How Authentication Works 79
- Validating a Type Change 84
- Processing a Type Change 85
- Processing a Size Change 86
- Rejecting a Type Change 87
- Changeable-Type Example 87
- // for details 93
- } // bConversionOK 93
- } // SetCurrent() 93
- Configure Device Behavior 95
- ONWORKS file transfer 97
- Device Property Lists 101
- Neuron C Reference Guide 102
- Device Interface 104
- Sharing of Configuration 104
- Properties 104
- Instantiation 107
- Using Functional Blocks to 113
- Implement a Device Interface 113
- Overview 114
- Technical 115
- Resources 115
- The Director Function 118
- Scope Rules 121
- Behavior 127
- Application Messages 129
- ONWORKS 130
- Layers of Neuron Software 131
- Constructing a Message 132
- Message Tags 133
- Message Codes 133
- Management 133
- Block Transfers of Data 136
- Sending a Message 137
- Receiving a Message 138
- The msg_arrives Event 138
- The msg_receive( ) Function 139
- Application Message Examples 141
- Lamp Program 141
- Switch Program 141
- Connecting Message Tags 142
- Explicit Addressing 142
- Service 143
- Message Completion Events 143
- Messages 145
- Preemption Mode and Messages 146
- Constructing a Response 149
- Sending a Response 150
- Receiving a Response 150
- The resp_arrives Event 150
- The resp_receive( ) Function 151
- Format of a Response 151
- Request/Response Examples 152
- Application Buffers 154
- Memory Management 155
- Neuron C 155
- Reference Guide 155
- Additional Features 157
- The Scheduler 158
- Scheduler Reset Mechanism 158
- Interrupts 159
- Scheduler Example 160
- Bypass Mode 161
- The post_events( ) Function 161
- Watchdog Timer 162
- Additional Predefined Events 163
- Wink Event 164
- Interrupt Sources 165
- I/O Interrupts 166
- Timer/Counter Interrupts 166
- Defining an Interrupt Task 167
- )]',255min(,0max[ Zn = 171
- Interrupt Latency 174
- Debugging Interrupt Tasks 176
- Sleep Mode 177
- Putting the Device to Sleep 178
- Forced Sleep 179
- Error Handling 180
- Resetting the Device 181
- Restarting the Application 181
- Disabling a Functional Block 182
- Logging Application Errors 183
- System Errors 183
- Memory Use 186
- RAM Use 186
- EEPROM Use 186
- Using Neuron Chip Memory 188
- Chips with Off-Chip Memory 188
- Memory Regions 189
- Memory Areas 190
- Default Memory Usage 192
- Declarations) 193
- Compiler Directives 196
- When the Program Is Relinked 196
- Use of Flash Memory 196
- Reallocating On-Chip EEPROM 200
- Address Table 200
- Alias Table 201
- Domain Table 202
- Allocating Buffers 202
- Application Buffer Size 203
- Buffer Size 203
- Network Buffer Size 204
- Buffer Counts 204
- Outgoing Application Buffers 206
- Outgoing Network Buffers 206
- Incoming Network Buffers 207
- Incoming Application Buffers 207
- (20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 30, 34) 208
- (20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 30, 34 208
- (20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 30) 209
- Neuron Chip 211
- Template File 212
- Initialization Actions 214
- Be Aware of Library Usage 215
- Observe Declaration Order 216
- Use Function Calls Liberally 218
- Use C Operators Effectively 219
- Using the Link Map 221
- Stand-Alone Tools 224
- Common Stand-Alone Tool Use 224
- Common Syntax 224
- Common Set of Basic Commands 226
- Neuron C Compiler 227
- Neuron Assembler 228
- Neuron Linker 228
- Neuron Exporter 229
- Neuron Librarian 231
- Neuron C Function Libraries 232
- Definitions 234
- Advantages of a Library 235
- Disadvantages of a Library 235
- Providing a Large RAM Space 246
- Neuron C Language 249
- Characteristics 250
- Translation (J.3.1) 250
- Environment (J.3.2) 251
- Identifiers (J.3.3) 251
- Characters (J.3.4) 252
- Integers (J.3.5) 253
- Floating Point (J.3.6) 254
- Arrays and Pointers (J.3.7) 254
- Standard) 254
- Hints (J.3.8) 255
- (J.3.9) 255
- Qualifiers (J.3.10) 256
- Library Functions (J.3.12) 257
- 248 Index 260
- 250 Index 262
- ONWORKS messages, 9 263
- 252 Index 264
- 254 Index 266
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